Almanacs, Dictionaries, Encyclopedias and Other Reference Works

Almanacs 
Atlases
Dictionaries 
Directories 
Encyclopedias 
Handbooks 
Image Databases 
Indexes/Articles
Internet Searches

The following suggestions may prove helpful when you are working on a term paper or a class assignment.  Start by consulting reference materials, as outlined below:

  • Check a dictionary for definitions of unfamiliar terms. 
  • Read an article in an encyclopedia to obtain an overview of the subject. 
  • Look at almanacs, handbooks, directories, indexes, atlases, etc. that may have pertinent facts, terms or statistics
  • Find books on your topic in the Library by using the Library Catalog.
  • Search in a commercial database or paper index for citations to journal articles. Access commercial databases from links on our home page.
  • Search the Internet for information on your subject, using various search engines or going to particular sites. Remember to evaluate the information you find on the Internet for authoritativeness and timeliness.   
  • Use our Library Guides, available in print near the information Desk or online at our home page, as follows:
  • Use the subject area guides for lists of relevant resources.
  • Use the research strategies guides, such as this one and the suggestions described in Finding Articles
  • Use the style guides (on citation styles) in consultation with your instructor when you are writing your paper and citing your research.  

Almanacs

Almanacs are annual publications that provide useful data and statistics on countries, historical events, movies, sports, holidays, etc. Yearbooks are also annual publications, with information limited to the events/facts of the year. 

♦Almanac of American Politics. Ref. JK271 .B343 2000

Contains brief sketches of senators, representatives, and governors. It provides statistical information about the federal, state, and local governments. Also includes predictions about politics and politicians.

♦Europa World Yearbook. Ref. JN1 .E85. vols. 1-2

Kept near the Information Desk. Contains detailed information on countries and international organizations of the world. 

♦Facts on File Yearbook. Ref. D410 .F3

We have from 1941-2004.  

♦Famous First Facts.  Ref. AG5 .K315 1950

Provides information on "firsts" such as the first woman mayor or the inventor of the toothbrush. Arranged alphabetically by subject with an excellent index listing facts geographically, chronologically, and by personal name. 

♦Guinness Book of World Records. Ref. AG243 .G87 

Information on the tallest, fattest, smallest, etc., records of human achievement in the arts, scientific worlds and more.

♦Statesman's Yearbook.  Ref. JA51 .S7 

Information on the politics, cultures and economies of the world. 
Online version available on Terminal #1 in the library.

♦Statistical Abstract of the United States. Ref. HA202

The most recent edition is kept near the Information Desk, the previous edition is in the reference stacks, and earlier editions in the circulating stacks. Also online  from the Library Catalog's Linked Resources tab, and online at the Census web site.

Earlier statistical abstracts are also available at the Census Bureau site -- from "Publications" click on "statistical abstract" for access to older volumes back to the 1800s. 
  
The Statistical Abstract contains general statistics for the United States. As each table indicates the source from which the information was obtained, it can be a valuable aid to locating more detailed statistical sources. The database LexisNexis Statistical Power Tables also provides access to data from the Statistical Abstract, which includes data from non-governmental sources as well as from the U.S. Census.

♦World Almanac and Book of Facts. Ref. AY67.N5 W7

Latest edition kept near the Information Desk. Contains statistical data, country, and employment statistics.  Also in the LexisNexis database, Reference section.

♦World Factbook. Ref. JA51 .N3 

Most recent edition is kept near the Information Desk. Also online from our Library Catalog or directly from the CIA site.  A compilation of facts, figures and maps of countries throughout the world.

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Atlases & Maps

Search for atlases in the Library Catalog using the subject term "atlases," or in combination with other subject terms or keywords. Atlases are collections of maps. The term is also used for compilations of other pictorial information (such as an atlas of microscopic hair characteristics), but this section deals only with maps.   

Some CIA produced maps are listed in the Library Catalog a U.S. Government Document. Many are available online from the Linked Resources tab.

♦Atlas of Connecticut Topographic Maps. Ref. G1240.A8 1994

Look at the index map to find the number of the sheet that covers the area in which you are interested. Sheets are in numeric order. These are reduced scale, black and white reproductions of the topographic maps produced by the U.S. Geological Survey.

♦The National Atlas of the United States of America. Ref. G1200 .U57 1970

Also online. This resource includes geospatial and geostatistical data.

♦The CountryWatch database and CIA World Factbook include maps of regions of the world. 
      

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Dictionaries

Dictionaries provide definitions of words. Specialized dictionaries explain the specialized meanings for words in a particular discipline (called "jargon") and are especially useful.  

♦Concise Oxford Dictionary.  Ref. PE1628.C6 1976

♦Oxford English Dictionary. Ref. PE1625.O87 1989

American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language

Specialized Dictionaries


Look at our subject guides for reference materials in specific subject areas, including dictionaries. This is a sample of what we have. Search our Library Catalog in the advanced search option combining "dictionaries" as a subject term with other subject terms or keywords.
 
♦Dictionary of Accounting Terms. Ref. HF5621 .S54 2000

♦Dictionary of Psychology.
Ref. BF31 .C65 2001

♦The Facts on File Dictionary of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering.
 
Ref. TP248.16.S84 2001

♦Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary.
Ref. QD5 .C5 1993

Mosby's Medical Dictionary

Online in the Health and Wellness Resource Center database from iCONN.

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Directories

Directories are lists with additional information. The phone book is a directory. A sample of others follows: 

Directory of Corporate Affiliations [database]

Provides information on Companies. Search by NAICS code and other variables, and find parent/subsidiary relationships between companies. 

Reference USA [database]

A Directory of US companies with contact information, size, and sales. Includes small businesses not included in other databases. Search by geographic area (zip code, county, etc.) SIC or NAICS code.

♦Encyclopedia of Associations. Ref. AS8 .E53 

The latest edition that we own is kept near the Information Desk. The Business & Company Resource Center contains the latest information drawn from the Encyclopedia of Associations. Use the Advanced Search mode and choose "Associations" from the drop down box. 

♦World of Learning. Ref. AS2 .W6

A directory of educational institutions around the world. Latest in the reference stacks; earlier editions in the circulating stacks.  

♦Medical Directory

Online in the Health & Wellness Resource Center database.

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Encyclopedias

An encyclopedia is often a good place to start research on a subject. Encyclopedias can provide comprehensive introductions to subjects and are valuable sources for a multitude of factual information.  General encyclopedias provide brief information on a wide range of subjects, giving you an overview, while specialized encyclopedias offer more in-depth coverage of specialized fields.  A tip: consult the encyclopedia's index first to locate all of the references on your topic. Some examples include:

General Encyclopedias

♦The Columbia Encyclopedia is freely available online. Click on the Bibliographic Record link listed under Contents for a citation. The Columbia Encyclopedia is also available in print in the Library, kept near the Information desk.  Ref. AG5 .C725 2000

♦Encyclopedia Americana. Ref. AE5 .E333

♦Encyclopedia Britannica.
  Ref. AE 5 .E363. Composed of the following:

  • Macropaedia (knowledge in depth)

  • Micropaedia (ready reference and index)

  • Propaedia (outline of knowledge)


♦World Book Encyclopedia. Ref. AE5 .W55

Selected older editions are in the Circulating stacks, and individual volumes may be borrowed.  

Specialized Encyclopedias

Business

Advertising Age: Encyclopedia of Advertising. Ref. HF5803 .A38 2003

♦Encyclopedia of American Industries. Ref. HC102.E53 1994 v. 1-2

Encyclopedia of Small Business
Ref. HD62.7.H553 1998 v. 1-2

The 2002 edition is online in the database E-Books for Colleges.

♦E
ncyclopedia of Leadership: A Practical Guide to Popular Leadership Theories and Techniques.  Ref. HD57.7.H525 2001

Encyclopedia of US Economic History
     

In the database E-Books for Colleges.

♦International Encyclopedia of the Stock Market.
Ref. HG4551.I5 1999


Education

♦American Educators' Encyclopedia. Ref. LB15 .D37
 
♦Encyclopedia of Education. Ref. LB15 .E47

Articles deal with the history, theory, research and philosophy, as well as the structure and fabric of education.  Emphasis is on American education. 

♦Encyclopedia of Educational Research.
Ref. LB15 .E48 1992

Written for college students, researchers, practitioners, and general readers. Topics on societal issues such as AIDS education are included. 


Humanities

♦African American Encyclopedia. Ref. E185 .A253 1993

Includes politicians, sports figures, entertainers, and civil rights leaders, as well as many other important historical African American figures. 

♦Catholic Encyclopedia.  Ref. BX841 .C25 1913

Strong areas are religion, theology and philosophy, but also covers literature and history.  Includes biographies and excellent illustrations. 

♦Encyclopedia of Historic Places.  Ref. D9 .C29 1984

♦Encyclopedia of World ArtRef. N31 .E533

♦Great Soviet EncyclopediaRef. AE5 .B58

♦New Grove Dictionary of American Music. Ref. ML101.U6 N48

The articles provide detailed information on music and musicians, including classical, popular and folk. 

♦New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. Ref. ML100 .N48 v. 1-20

While more than half the entries are for composers, also included are performers, scholars, theorists, patrons and publishers of music, as well as other artists whose works relate to music.  

New Illustrated Encyclopedia of World HistoryRef. D21 .L276

Science

Beacham's Guide to the Endangered Species of North America

In the E-Books for Colleges database.


Biology

In the E-Books for Colleges database.

Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine

In the E-Books for Colleges database.

Encyclopedia of Cancer

In the E-Books for Colleges database.

Encyclopedia of Dietary Supplements  

♦Encyclopedia of Environmental Science. Ref. GE10 .M66 2000


Encyclopedia of Genetic Disorders

In the E-Books for Colleges database.

Encyclopedia of Medicine

In the E-Books for Colleges database.

Grzimek's Animal Life EncyclopediaRef. OL3 .G7813

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. Ref. TP9 .E685

Larousse Encyclopedia of AstronomyRef. QB44 .R883

McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science & Technology. Ref. Q121 .M3

Provides coverage for all disciplines in science and engineering. Entries are alphabetically arranged, including a definition, general overview of the subject, and cross-references to other articles. 

Medical Encyclopedia

In the Health & Wellness Resource Center database.

Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals.
 
Ref.  RS51 .M4 2001

 ♦New Larousse Encyclopedia of Animal Life.  Ref. QL50 .L32

Animal species are divided into groups of related forms.  Also includes a glossary, further reading list and index.  

Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia.  Ref. Q121 .V3

Topical coverage includes animal life, chemistry, engineering sciences, medicine, and space sciences. Contains tables, charts, and references.  

World of Earth Science

In the E-Books for Colleges database.


Social Sciences

Advertising Age: Encyclopedia of Advertising. Ref. HF5803 .A38 2003

Encyclopedia of American Crime. Ref. HV6789 .S54 2001

Encyclopedia of American Political History.  Ref. E183 .E5 

Encyclopedia of Assassinations. Ref. HV6278 .S54 2001

♦Encyclopedia of Crime & Justice. Ref. HV6017 .E52 

Provides information on criminal behavior, the prevention of crime, the treatment of criminals, and the criminal justice system.  Broad subject headings, glossary of terms and index.  

Encyclopedia of Popular Culture

In the database E-Books for Colleges.

♦Encyclopedia of Psychology.  Ref.  BF31 .E52 1994 

More than 2,100 signed articles on topics and persons in all areas of psychology.  

Encyclopedia of Forensic Sciences. Ref. HV8073 .E58 2000

Encyclopedia of Organized Crime in the United States. Ref. HV6446 .K43 2000

Encyclopedia of Serial Killers. Ref. HV6245 .N49 2000

Encyclopedia of Urban America. Ref. HT123 .E5 1998

Encyclopedia of Urban Planning. Ref. HT166 .E5

Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery. Ref. HT861 .H57 1997

International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. Ref. H40.A2.I5

World Encyclopedia of Cities. Ref. HT108.5.K87 1994 v. 1-2

♦World Encyclopedia of Political Systems & Parties. Ref. JF2011 .D44 

Arranged alphabetically by country; describes system of government and history. 

Handbooks

A handbook is a concise manual or reference book that provides specific information or instruction about a subject. A handbook can be used to check on data or to provide guidance for a research paper or project. Handbooks employ tables, graphs and symbols. A sample of what we have follows:

♦CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 
Ref. QD65 .C87  

A reference manual of chemical and physical data. Also online as a subscription database: Handbook of Chemistry and Physics Online.

♦Handbook of Industrial Engineering. Ref. T56.23.H36 

Chapters on information technology, computer-integrated business, manufacturing engineering, organizational design and other topics. 

Note: Many other handbooks on engineering and chemistry are in the following two databases:  ENGnetBASE and Knovel Chemistry Library. 

♦Handbook of Manual Functions with Formulas Graphs and Mathematical Tables in the Knovel K-Essentials database.

McGraw-Hill Recycling Handbook.  Ref. TD794.5.L84 1993

♦Manual of Clinical Periodontics in the Lexi-Comp database. 

National Electrical Code Handbook.  Ref. TK260 .N464 2002  

Occupational Outlook Handbook. Ref. HF5381 .U62

The most recent edition is near the Information Desk, earlier edition in the circulating stacks. Also online from the Library Catalog's Linked Resources tab and at the Bureau of Labor Statistics site. Each article describes what the job is likely to offer in advancement, employment, earnings, and working conditions. 
 
O*Net Database

Also freely available from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Clicking on "Related links"  takes you to the most recent edition of the Dictionary of Occupational Titles and other reference resources we have in print in the Library.

Standard Handbook of Hazardous Waste Treatment and Disposal. Ref. TD1032 .S73 1998

Environmental Remediation Technologies (165.3) Student Manual. EP1.8:R 28/7/Student/2002 Microfiche. [GovDoc]: fill in a request form at the Information Desk.

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Image Databases

Subscription Database

Associated Press (AP) Photo Archive

Internet Resources

The Getty Museum

Google Images

Metropolitan Museum of Art

NYPL Digital Gallery (New York Public Library)

Indexes/Databases

Paper and electronic indexes to periodical literature allow you to search for citations to articles by author, title, and subject, so you don't have to thumb through years' worth of individual periodicals. Our Finding Articles guide describes the use of print and electronic indexes, and lists some of our major ones.

Note: Most online databases are restricted to currently enrolled UNH students, faculty and staff.  

Our Library Guide on Electronic Resources provides an annotated alphabetical list of databases.

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Internet Search Engines

No single Internet search engine will retrieve everything on the Internet.  Here are a few to get you started.

General Search Engines 

All the Web
AltaVista
Google
Metacrawler
Yahoo!
Librarians' Internet Index

Encyclopedias & Dictionaries

Infoplease

"A comprehensive reference source that combines the contents of an encyclopedia, a dictionary, an atlas, and several almanacs loaded with statistics, facts, and historical records. A single search engine allows you to search all these sources at once"--from the website.

Your Dictionary.com

A plethora of links to specialty dictionaries on numerous topics, such as accounting, business, computing, and philosophy.

Encyclopedia Smithsonian

Explore topics within three broad categories: Art & Design, History & Culture, and Science & Technology.

Government Information

Google U.S. Government Search

Google's search engine designed specifically to retrieve government web sites and publications on all topics. 

Maps

Atlapedia Online

Provides world maps and country information from A-Z.

Google Maps 

National Geographic's MapMachine

Offers searchable theme maps such as topographic (U.S.), road maps, satellite and more.

Scientific Information

Scirus

A science search engine that acts as an index to scientific literature on the Internet, including full text of open access journals, citations to scientific literature and web sites.

Science.gov

Allows you to search by subject or specific database (such as Agricola) or across several government databases on the Internet for reports and periodical citations. 

Scholarly Information

Google Scholar

A search engine for researchers.

Any Questions? Come to the Information Desk, call us 203-932-7189 or e-mail us.

 

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rev 7/07

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